Understanding Lung Cancer: Risk Factors and the Importance of Screening

Category: Cancer Care
Posted On: Mar 31, 2025
Written By: Antelope Valley Medical Center

Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, with advancements in early detection and an increased focus on preventive strategies, the outlook for those at risk continues to improve. For individuals concerned about their lung health, understanding lung cancer statistics, determining if screening is appropriate, and implementing risk-reduction strategies can make a significant difference.

Understanding the Impact of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a prevalent disease with significant human and financial costs. According to the American Cancer Society, lung cancer is the second most common form of cancer in men and women. In 2025, there are an expected 226,650 new cases of lung cancer and about 124,730 deaths. Lung cancer is also one of the most deadly forms of cancer. The National Cancer Institute reports that 20% of all cancer deaths are related to lung and bronchus.

Prevalence and Survival Rates

Lung cancer is categorized into two main types: non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% of cases, while SCLC, though less common, is typically more aggressive. Early-stage lung cancer has a considerably higher survival rate when compared to advanced cases. The five-year survival rate for localized lung cancer is around 60%, whereas for metastatic lung cancer, it drops to 3%.

Who Does Lung Cancer Affect the Most?

The disease predominantly affects older adults, with the average age of diagnosis being 70. Smoking remains the most significant risk factor, and accounts for 80-90% of lung cancer deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to factors such as secondhand smoke, radon exposure, air pollution, and genetic predisposition. The American Cancer Society estimates that 16% of women and 10% of men with lung cancer have never smoked.

The Importance of Screening for Lung Cancer: Who Should Consider It?

Early detection of lung cancer significantly improves survival outcomes. Screening using medical imagery testing is an effective tool for identifying lung cancer at an early, more treatable stage. However, not everyone needs to undergo this screening. Here’s a breakdown of who might benefit most from it.

Eligible Candidates for Screening

Lung cancer screening is usually recommended for high-risk individuals. Guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) suggest annual screening for those who meet the following criteria:

Age: Adults aged 50 to 80 years.
Smoking History: Individuals who have a 20-pack-year smoking history. (This means smoking one pack per day for 20 years, or two packs per day for 10 years.)
Current or Former Smokers: Screening is applicable to individuals who currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has proven to reduce lung cancer mortality in high-risk populations. However, it is not typically recommended for low-risk individuals, as the potential harms (such as false positives and unnecessary biopsies) outweigh the benefits.

Other Risk Factors

While smoking is the primary risk factor, certain other groups may also be considered for screening on a case-by-case basis:

Individuals with a family history of lung cancer.
Those exposed to cancer-causing agents like asbestos, radon, or diesel exhaust over prolonged periods.
Patients with previous radiation therapy to the chest for other medical treatments.

Reducing Your Risk of Developing Lung Cancer

Preventing lung cancer involves making informed choices that actively lower your exposure to risk factors. While not all cases of lung cancer are preventable, certain lifestyle changes and environmental precautions can significantly decrease the likelihood of developing the disease.

Smoking Cessation

Tobacco use is the leading cause of lung cancer. If you smoke, quitting is the most effective step you can take to reduce your risk. Even for long-term smokers, quitting lowers the risk of lung cancer over time. Within ten years of quitting, the risk can drop by as much as 50%. For support, consider the following resources:

Behavioral therapy and counseling programs.
Nicotine replacement therapies like gum, patches, or lozenges.
Prescription medications such as varenicline or bupropion. Speak with your healthcare provider to discuss medication options.

Avoiding Secondhand Smoke

Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase your risk of lung cancer by 20% to 30%, according to the CDC. If you live or work in environments where smoking occurs, advocate for smoke-free indoor spaces to minimize your exposure.

Minimize Radon Exposure

Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is the leading cause of lung cancer for non-smokers. It can build up indoors, especially in poorly ventilated homes or buildings. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends conducting a radon test for your home. If levels are high, mitigation systems are available to reduce radon exposure effectively.

Limit Occupational and Environmental Hazards

Certain workplaces expose individuals to carcinogens like asbestos, diesel exhaust, and arsenic. If your occupation involves handling hazardous materials, be sure to follow workplace safety regulations, wear protective gear, and participate in health-monitoring programs provided by your employer.

Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle

A balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables can provide essential nutrients and antioxidants that may help protect against cancer. Regular physical activity also supports lung health and overall immunity. While no single food or exercise regimen can guarantee prevention, maintaining a healthy lifestyle contributes to better long-term outcomes.

Stay Aware of Pollution Levels

Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), has been linked to lung cancer. Monitor local air quality indexes and limit outdoor activities when pollution levels are high. Using air purifiers indoors may also help reduce long-term exposure.

Lung Cancer Support and Resources at Antelope Valley Medical Center

By being aware of the risk factors for lung cancer, you can make lifestyle changes to help minimize your risk of getting lung cancer.

At Antelope Valley Medical Center, we offer high-quality care for patients addressing their risk of cancer or those who have lung cancer. We recently introduced an innovative robotic-assisted platform to perform minimally invasive lung biopsy procedures. From radiology and oncology departments to surgical services, we aim to provide the best possible care for patients in our community.